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What Is Water Hammer? Causes, Solutions, and Prevention Tips

shellystraub6 • 10 January 2025

A loud banging noise that occurs when water flow is suddenly stopped or redirected in a plumbing system

What Is Water Hammer and How to Fix It

Have you ever heard loud banging noises in your plumbing after turning off a faucet or appliance? That’s water hammer , a common plumbing issue that can cause more than just annoying sounds—it can lead to damage in your pipes and fixtures if left unchecked. Here's what you need to know about water hammer and how to address it effectively.

What Is Water Hammer?

Water hammer occurs when a sudden change in water flow through the pipes creates a pressure surge, causing vibrations and loud banging noises. This typically happens when valves or faucets are closed quickly, and the flowing water has no place to go, creating a shockwave that reverberates through your plumbing system.

Common Causes of Water Hammer:

Quick-Closing Valves : Appliances like washing machines or dishwashers that shut off water rapidly are common culprits.
High Water Pressure : Excessively high water pressure can worsen water hammer by increasing the force of the shockwave.
Damaged or Missing Air Chambers : Air chambers in your plumbing act as cushions for water flow, and if they’re damaged or missing, water hammer can occur.

Why It Matters:

Ignoring water hammer can lead to:

Pipe damage or leaks
Loose or damaged pipe joints
Premature wear on plumbing fixtures

How to Fix Water Hammer:

Here are a few solutions to mitigate or eliminate water hammer:

Install Water Hammer Arrestors These devices absorb the shockwaves and prevent noise and vibrations. They are especially effective for appliances like washing machines.
Secure Loose Pipes Check your pipes for any looseness and secure them with clamps or brackets to prevent vibrations.
Reduce Water Pressure Use a pressure-reducing valve to lower water pressure in your home if it’s too high. Ideal household water pressure is typically around 40-60 psi.
Drain and Refill Air Chambers If your plumbing system has air chambers, they may have become waterlogged. Draining and refilling them can restore their function.
Consult a Professional Plumber (US!) Persistent water hammer may require a professional inspection to identify and address underlying issues in your plumbing system.